If you’re feeling thirsty and want to relax and unwind, why not join us to learn all about wine.

Voice message from Pilar from France about beer.

Vocabulary 

wine and whine – complain (quejarse)
11.5%–13.5% ABV (alcohol by volume)
Vine – plant where the wine grows
Vineyard – NB. pronunciation! – place/field where wine grows
corkscrew – sacacorchos
let the wine breathe
house red/white/rosé
dry/sweet
Full-bodied – con cuerpo, medium-bodied, light
bouquet
The wine’s turned / it’s corked
to sip / take a sip (verb and noun) – sorbo/beber a sorbos
By the glass/bottle
To decant – to pour the wine into a decanter to let it breathe
Wine-tasting – trying wine in an organised way (cata)
NB. a wine glass = a glass designed for wine; a glass of wine = a glass with wine in it
Notes of____
Aftertaste
Aged (in wood, eg. oak)
Vintage – year of production
Estate bottled -put into the bottle in the same estate where it’s grown, not anonymously mixed up in a big bottling plant

Types of wine
International Red wine (grapes): Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Shiraz/Syrah, Malbec, Grenache, Cabernet franc, Gamay, Zinfandel, Sangiovese, Carménère, Tempranillo, etc.
International White wine (grapes): Chardonnay, Sauvignon (blanc), Riesling, Chenin blanc, Gewürztraminer, Muscat, Sémillon, Viognier, Pino grigio/Pino gris, etc.
International Rosé wine (grapes): No grape is really exclusively used for rosé wines. Grapes used for both white and red wines can be used for rosé.

*(There are hundreds and hundreds of local grape varieties too, of course, but they aren’t well-known internationally. For example, Reza really enjoys the Valencian Bobal grape, which makes some good red and rosé wines, as well as Albariño, Godello and Loureira grapes from Galicia, which make excellent whites.)

Apéritif – wine taken before a meal to stimulate appetite. eg. Dry Sherry & Port, Vermouth, Spritzer (wine & soda water), Dubonnet, etc.
Table wine – reasonable quality wine for everyday drinking
Quality wine – better than than standard table wine
Vintage wine – quality old wine of a particularly good vintage. eg. Vintage Port, Late Bottled Vintage Port (LBV), etc. Or the type of wine James Bond 007 might order, such as 1947 Vintage Château Mouton Rothschild* Bordeaux or Dom Pérignon Vintage Champagne, etc.

*(Current prices for 1947 Vintage Château Mouton Rothschild range from about $3,500 – $5,500 a bottle!)

“Plonk” – cheap/low-quality wine
Fruit wine – apple wine, elderberry wine, sangría, etc.
Dessert wine – (sweet) Sherry & Port, Hungarian Tokaji, Madeira, Moscatel/Muscatel, Sauternes, etc.
Fortified wine – wine with added spirit, usually brandy, to strengthen it. eg. Sherry, Port and some other dessert wines, Marsala, Vermouth, etc.
Mulled wine – wine warmed with spices, typical at Christmas time
Mead (honey wine)
Barley wine and rice wine (sake)
Ginger wine is fortified with brandy

Top 10 wine-producing countries in the world (production), and some of their best-known designated areas (denominación de origen):
France – Bordeaux, Burgundy, Côtes du Rhône, Beaujolais, Languedoc, Alsace, Champagne, etc.
Italy – Chianti, Lambrusco, Barolo, Prosecco, Amarone, Barbera d’Asti, etc.
Spain – Ribera del Duero, Rioja, Rías Baixas, Cava, Utiel-Requena, Valdepeñas, Sherry/Jerez, Rueda, Bierzo, etc.
United States – California (90 %), Washington, Virginia, New York states, etc.
Argentina – Mendoza, Salta, Río Negro, San Juan, etc.
Australia – Hunter Valley, Barossa Valley, Coonawara, Adelaide Hills, Yarra Valley, Margaret River, etc.
South Africa – Stellenbosch, Cape Point, Paarl, Swartland, Walker Bay, etc.
China – Ningxia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shandong, Yunnan, etc.
Chile – Maipo Valley, Curico Valley, Colchagua Valley, Limari Valley, Itata Valley, etc.
Germany – Mosel, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Rheingau, Baden, etc.

Discussion
Why wine and cheese?
Why red wine with meat and white with fish?
Does wine play a big role in your social life?
Is (some) wine overpriced? If so, why?
Are the tasting notes on wine labels of much practical use?

…and now it’s your turn to practise your English.
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On next week’s episode: Pregnancy and having babies

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